Stamp expertizing mark, areas A--E. Expert en philatelie.

AREAS A–E

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Areas F–G, Areas H–R, Areas S–Z, First names,
Names A–F, Names G–L, Names M–R, Names S–Z,.

Expertizing area	Signature/name	Details (b. born, d. dead, f. founded)
Afghanistan	Dietrich, Horst	Kaarst, 1923–2004, BPP 1980, AIEP 1976–2003
Albania	Chiavarello, Dr. Giovanni. Certif., 2	Naples 2001. Note
Albania	Droese, Bernhard ('B. Droese')	Plön/Holstein 1950, Düsseldorf 1961, Bad Salzuflen 1968, BPP 1958–
Albania	Eliot	Sir Charles Eliot?
Albania	Freyse, Gustav ('GF'). Advert.	Hannover, d. 1921, dealer
Albania (pre-1945, incl. locals)	Heweker, Joachim	Düsseldorf-Holthausen, BPP 1968
Albania	Kaufmann	= Hugo K.?
Albania	Oertel, Dr.	.
Albania	Oliva, Guglielmo. Certif.	Genoa 1949 1961, 1900–1969, dealer from 1920s, great expert, AIEP 1954–69
Albania	Peters, Markus W. E.	Göppingen-Hohenstaufen, b. 1968, expert 1994–, AIEP 2002–, [FFE6, PE]
Albania	Prendushi, Zef ('ZP' boxed). Letterh.	Skutari, dealer c. 1928–42, also on forged
Albania	Rajits, N. P.	.
Albania	Reine, G.	Germany?, [Flasch]
Albania	Saraceni, Gioacchino	[Mi 1935]
Albania (eagle ovpt 1913)	Wallner, Dr. Ferdinand (forged), usually in handwriting. Photo	Vienna 1943, 1894–1970, dealer, AIEP 1954–, VÖB, AIEP 1954–70, BPP 1961
Albania (Korce)	Coptoir Central	On forged
Albania (Korce)	Schmitt, Joh. Ulrich	Diessen a.A. 2003, Munich, b. 1936, expert 1965–, BPP 1968, AIEP 1982–, [FFE5, PE]
Andorra	COMEX. Note	Comisión de Expertos Filatelicos, Barcelona, f. 1965, [PE]
Andorra	Jacques, W. A. (pencil)	Alec J., Great Britain 2002, dealer
Andorra	Liedel, Karl-Heinz	Rodgau, BPP 1984
Andorra	Sieger, Hermann W(alter)	Lorch/Württ. 1950 2003, b. 1928, dealers (Hermann E. Sieger f. 1922), expert 1955–, BPP 1961, AIEP 1956–, [FFE4, PE]
Argentina	Elicabe, Ricardo E.	Buenos Aires Philatelic Society
Argentina	Imbelloni, Marco Emilio	Buenos Aires 2004. Note
Argentina	Jakubovich, Isidoro	Buenos Aires 2004. Note
Argentina	Kurchan, Dr. Mario D(avid). Photo	Olivos (Arg.), 1924–2003, expert 1948–, AIEP 1978–2003, [FFE2 4 (p.179) 5 6]
Argentina	Mazo, Jorge S. del	Buenos Aires, 1899–1982, AIEP 1971–82
Argentina	Rauh	.
Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes)	Solari, Ing. Alberto	Buenos Aires. Note
Argentina (Corrientes)	Brettl, Maria	Vaterstetten, b. 1930, expert 1964–, BPP 1968–10, AIEP 1968–, [FFE3, PE]
Argentina (Zeppelin)	Ferrari, A. P.	Buenos Aires, dealer?
Armenia	Arcadjan (or Agadjan(ian)), F.	Paris?, on forged
Armenia	Ceresa, Dr. R. J. in green, often smudged; RJC (note)	Raymond J. Ceresa, England 2001, expert 1977. Note
Armenia	Ignatoff–experts–Paris, N.	Also on forged.
Armenia	Jem, Dr. P., jem (in oval). Echt (as additional mark). Certif.	Dr. Paul Jemtschoujin, Dresden, later Mt. Kisco NY (USA), dealer 1920–60s; also on forged. Note
Armenia	Kief (in German type)	Also on forged
Armenia	Lissiuk, New York	Kalenik L., New York NY, 1889–1980, dealer 1924–44, also on forged. Note
Armenia	Mozian, Vahan ('VM')	New York NY dealers/auctioneers Vahan Mozian Inc, 1901–c.1950, also on forged
Armenia	Nicklin, John W.	New York NY 1949, dealer, also on forged
Armenia	PLC	Also on forged.
Armenia (excl. Z- & monogr. ovpt)	Pohl, Waldemar (Woldemar?)	Bamberg 1950, 1903–69, BPP 1961, generally reliable, also on forged
Armenia	R!S!	Also on forged
Armenia	Revest, A.	Also on forged
Armenia	Rosselevitch, Anatoly ('Ross, 2')	Brussels 1949, later USA, d. c. 1980, dealer
Armenia	Serebrakian, Souren David, 'SER' (in rectangle). S. Serebrakian Inc.	Monroe NY, in Brussels (1931 1949), 1900–91, dealer, also on forged. Note
Armenia	Tchilinghirian, Simon D. ('SDT')	Switzerland, 1902–67, AIEP 1959–63
Armenia	UZ (similar to, in Armenian)	Seen on genuine stamps w. forged ovpt
Armenia	Vigor, Dr.	Also on forged
Australia	Brettschneider, W.	Melbourne 1897
Australia (colonies)	Butler, A(rthur) Ronald	West Worthing (GB), 1916–2003, AIEP 1978–2003, Past Chairman RPSL Exp. Comm., [FFE1 2 4]
Australia (Commonwealth)	Ceremuga, Krzysztof (Chris)	Sydney, b. 1973, expert 1994–, AIEP 2001–, [FFE3, 5, PE]
Australia, Colonies in Australia	Davis, Trevor (Works as member of committee.)	London, b. 1940, dealer, expert 1980–, AIEP 2001–04, Brandon Exp. Comm., [PE]
Australia	Enigma Stamps	Dealers
Australia	Griffiths, John O.	Great Britain, 1923–2001, AIEP 1979–84
Australia	Lowe, Robson. Certif., 2	London 1926, 1905–97, dealer, chairman BPA Expert Committee, AIEP 1970–97.
Australia (Tasmania)	Odenweller, Robert P.	Barnardsville NJ, b. 1938, expert 1968–, AIEP 1980–, [FFE3, PE]
Australia (Western)	Pearson, Patrick C. (Works as member of committee.)	London, b. 1930, expert 1965–, AIEP 1990–, [FFE1 3 5 6, PE]
Australia (Queensland)	PM (or MP?, monogram)	On genuine and on forged
Australia	Richter, H.	.
Australia	RPS of Victoria. Certif.	Royal Philatelic Society of Victoria, exp. comm. f. 1949, [PE]. Note
Austria	Babor, Gerhard	Vienna 2001, b. 1952, auctions (Dorotheum), VÖB, AIEP 2004–, [FFE8]
Austria	Bazant, Andreas	Vienna 2001, b. 1961, dealer, VÖB
Austria	Brunner, F(elix)	[Flasch], (q.v. Am. Phil. Congr. Book 1944: b. 1893)
Austria (–1918)	Capouch, Stanislav	Prague, SCF 2001
Austria	Cividini, Jean, Paris	Paris, dealer, c. 1910–60, not reliable [cf. Sperati II, Tyler]
Austria	Drahn, August Wilhelm, A. W. Drahn	Cologne 1943 and 1961, Bad Kissingen 1950, 1893–1974, dealer, Michel catalogue consultant (for pre-1918 listings), BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–74
Austria	Dvorák, Frantisek	Czechoslovakia, b. 1914
Austria (–1918)	Elbau, Peter.	Fürstenau 2002, SBPV 1993–
Austria	Fekete, Guido	Vienna 1926, dealer
Austria (–1938)	Ferchenbauer, Ulrich, Dr. Certif.	Vienna, b. 1941, son of Paul, expert 1975–, BPP 1991, AIEP 1996–, VÖB, [FFE5, PE]
Austria	Friedl, Rudolf	Vienna 1926, 1862–1942, dealer, brother of S. Friedl
Austria	Frimmel, Sepp	Braunschweig 1950
Austria	Gerschler, Herbert	Chemnitz 1961
Austria	Gilczynski, Dr. Jan	Cracow, BPP 1961
Austria	Heger, Emil	Vienna 1920 1935, b. 1877
Austria	Hennig, K(arl), 2	Weimar 1920, post-WW2 Dominican Rep., dealer, soldier in Ukraine WW1, also on forged (+Hoffmann cards)
Austria	Hübner, Gerhard (Hubner, Huebner)	Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, d. 1981, BPP 1961
Austria	Jedlicka, Vincenc ('J' in Courier font)	Prague 1897, dealer, d. 1914.
Austria (pre-philately)	Hader, Hermann	Guntramsdorf (A) 2001, VÖB
Austria	Kaufmann, Hugo	Slovakia, pre-WW2
Austria	Kimmel, Kurt E. (forged)	Massagno (CH) 2001, Richterswil (CH), b. 1941, expert 1972–, BPP 1976, AIEP 1991–, SBPV, [FFE3 5, PE]
Austria	Klambauer	Austria
Austria	Kruson, Jaroslav	Czechoslovakia, 1906–86
Austria (pre-1918)	Kunz, Julius	Vienna 1950, auctioneer, b. 1887. Note
Austria (1850)	Labres, Klaus	Vienna 2001, VÖB
Austria	Lavrov, Petr	Czechoslovakia, 1895–1975, CSF expert
Austria	Matl, Albert. 2	Vienna, b. 1924, expert 1963–, BPP 1976, AIEP 1964–, VÖB, [FFE5, PE]
Austria (pre-1918)	Müller, Edwin (=Mueller). Photo. [See APS Hall of Fame.]	Vienna –1938, New York NY 1950, 1898–1962, expert 1935–, Friedl Expert Comm. NY, AIEP 1956–62
Austria	Neufeld	.
Austria	Provera, Pietro (green sprucetree)	Switzerland (ex Italy), collector. Note
Austria (pre-1918)	Rismondo, Tilo. Certif.	Chemnitz, b. 1938, BPP 1991, VÖB
Austria	Seefeldner, Gustav, Prof. GS + heron, 'SG' (in circle)	Salzburg 1896, Vienna pre-1950, UPV, [Wilhelm van Loo]
Austria	Seitz, Anton	Vienna 1949, 1900–67, dealer, BPP 1961, AIEP 1954–67
Austria	Soecknick, Rüdiger	Klosterneuburg, BPP 2003
Austria	Sternwald, Frantisek	Czechoslovakia, d. 1984, expert 1961–
Austria	Steyrer, Christine	Vienna 2001, catalogue, VÖB member
Austria	Trouant	.
Austria	Vaarnas, Kalle. Photo. (Certif.)	Helsinki, d. 1990, BPP 1961, Finn. Phil. Fed. 1981–90
Austria	Vaccari, Paolo	Vignola (Italy) 2001, dealer
Austria	Verner, Mirko	Novi Sad 1954, 1915–82, AIEP 1958–80
Austria	Votocek, Emil	Czechoslovakia, 1914–82, SCSF expert
Austria	(VOB, VOEB)	Verband Österreichischer Briefmarkenprüfer (Austria), 1965–, [PE]
Austria (1850)	Voetter, Otto	Lanzendorf 2004, VÖB
Austria	Wallner, Dr. Ferdinand (forged), usually in handwriting. Photo	Vienna 1943, 1894–1970, dealer, AIEP 1954–, VÖB, AIEP 1954–70, BPP 1961
Austria	Weiss, H. (head of eagle + number)	Graz
Austria (post-1918)	Dub, Dr. Emil, 2 (beetle, 3 versions), also 'D' for Saar? Also forged.	Oberstein 1950, 1883–1976, expert 1920–, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–74. Note
Austria (mint post-1918)	Stastny, Peter	Vienna 2010
Austria (1945 Graz)	Glavanovitz, Dr. Werner	Vienna 2004, VÖB
Austria (1945 locals)	Stich, Prof. Karl	VÖB member 2004
Austria (1945 overprints on Germany)	AJ	.
Austria (1945)	Kovar, Adolf	Vienna 2001, auctions (Dorotheum), VÖB
Austria (1945)	Staiger, F.	.
Austria (1945 ovpt.s)	Zenker, Gisbert	Vienna, 1920–87, AIEP 1967–87, BPP 1976
Austria (1945 postal history)	Sturzeis, Fritz	Vienna 2001, VÖB
Austria (cancellations)	Mayer, Stephan, Dr.	Vienna 1928
Austria incl. all areas	Puschmann, Fritz	Vienna 2001, dealer (Öfila), VÖB
Austria (DDSG)	Ferchenbauer, Ulrich, Dr. Certif.	Vienna, b. 1941, son of Paul, expert 1975–, BPP 1991, AIEP 1996–, VÖB, [FFE5, PE]
Austria (DDSG)	Vodrazka, Prof. Dr. Karl	Linz 2001, VÖB
Austria incl. DDSG	Zenker, Gisbert	Vienna, 1920–87, AIEP 1967–87, BPP 1976
Austria (local issues)	Svoboda, Gerhard	Vienna 2001, VÖB
Austria (newspaper stamps)	Krapp, W.	Vienna 1897
Austria (Merkur)	Schwarz, Ludwig	Vienna, 1843–1912, [Brühl p.484]
Austria (overprints)	Grabert, Dr.	On forged
Austria (post-1945 postal history)	Majörg, Karl	Wartberg a.d.K. (Austria) 2001, VÖB
Austria (postal history)	Kroiss, Peter	Biedermannsdorf (A) 2001, VÖB
Austria (postal history)	Schöpfer, Klaus (Schopfer, Schoepfer)	Innsbruck, b. 1948, expert 1993–, AIEP 1998–, VÖB, [FFE3, PE]
Austria (postal stationery)	Hochleutner, Franz	Vienna 2001, VÖB
Austrian PO abroad	Ferchenbauer, Ulrich, Dr. Certif.	Vienna, b. 1941, son of Paul, expert 1975–, BPP 1991, AIEP 1996–, VÖB, [FFE5, PE]
Austrian PO abroad	Hochleutner, Franz	Vienna 2001, VÖB
Austrian PO Levant and Crete	Matl, Albert. 2	Vienna, b. 1924, expert 1963–, BPP 1976, AIEP 1964–, VÖB, [FFE5, PE]
Austrian PO Levant and Crete	Zenker, Gisbert	Vienna, 1920–87, AIEP 1967–87, BPP 1976
Austrian PO Levant	Goller, Arnold	Kötschach AU, BPP 2008–
Austrian PO Levant	Müller, Edwin (=Mueller). Photo. [See APS Hall of Fame.]	Vienna –1938, New York NY 1950, 1898–1962, expert 1935–, Friedl Expert Comm. NY, AIEP 1956–62
Austro-Hungary (1850-1867)	Derecskei, Attila	Budapest, MBSZ and VPEX expert. Note
Azerbaijan	Arcadjan (or Agadjan(ian)), F.	Paris?, on forged
Azerbaijan	Az.Voka (A3.Boka)	Probably Azerbaijan Philatelic Association, also on forged
Azerbaijan	Ceresa, Dr. R. J. in green, often smudged; RJC (note)	Raymond J. Ceresa, England 2001, expert 1977. Note
Azerbaijan	Ignatoff–experts–Paris, N.	Also on forged.
Azerbaijan	Jem, Dr. P., jem (in oval). Echt (as additional mark). Certif.	Dr. Paul Jemtschoujin, Dresden, later Mt. Kisco NY (USA), dealer 1920–60s; also on forged. Note
Azerbaijan	Kief (in German type)	Also on forged
Azerbaijan	Lissiuk, New York	Kalenik L., New York NY, 1889–1980, dealer 1924–44, also on forged. Note
Azerbaijan	Mozian, Vahan ('VM')	New York NY dealers/auctioneers Vahan Mozian Inc, 1901–c.1950, also on forged
Azerbaijan	Nicklin, John W.	New York NY 1949, dealer, also on forged
Azerbaijan	PLC	Also on forged.
Azerbaijan	Pohl, Waldemar (Woldemar?)	Bamberg 1950, 1903–69, BPP 1961, generally reliable, also on forged
Azerbaijan	R!S!	Also on forged
Azerbaijan	Revest, A.	Also on forged
Azerbaijan	Rosselevitch, Anatoly ('Ross, 2')	Brussels 1949, later USA, d. c. 1980, dealer
Azerbaijan	Serebrakian, Souren David, 'SER' (in rectangle). S. Serebrakian Inc.	Monroe NY, in Brussels (1931 1949), 1900–91, dealer, also on forged. Note
Azerbaijan	Vigor, Dr.	Also on forged
Baghdad, Bushire; Br. occ.	Saatchi, Joe ('ST')	England, expert 1950s–1980s
Batum	Pohl, Waldemar (Woldemar?)	Bamberg 1950, 1903–69, BPP 1961, generally reliable, also on forged
Belgian Congo	Belgian Congo Study Circle. Certif.	Belgium
Belgium	Allegeershecque, André le Jeune d'	Brussels, 1922–99, [Soeteman]
Belgium	Baete, J(ean) (in italics, violet)	Brussels, 1919–97, AIEP 1971–97, [Soeteman]
Belgium	Balasse, Willy (in italics (forged!), red or black German style C in rectangle, or in manuscript)	Brussels 1943 1961, 1906–92, dealer, AIEP 1952–92
Belgium	Berlingin, René	Ham-sur-Heine 1935 1950, dealer
Belgium	Brys, J. (in black)	John B., [Soeteman]
Belgium	Cammaerts, Roger	Belgium 1999, [Soeteman]
Belgium	Clercq, Leo De	Belgium, FRCPB expert 1970–, [FFE1]
Belgium	Commission Belge d'Éxpertise	Brussels 1950
Belgium	Delapierre, R(obert) (also 'R.D.' )	Belgium 1966, 1891–1970, [Soeteman]
Belgium	Fourcaut, Jean-Claude	Le Vésinet (France) 2002, dealer. Note
Belgium	Grubben, Willy (or manuscript)	Brussels 1943, dealer, [Soeteman]
Belgium	Hanssens (in black)	Séraphin H., [Soeteman]
Belgium	Hanssens, A.	Not reliable; [Soeteman]. All three Hanssens were dealers in Brussels, at least until 1949
Belgium	HAS	.
Belgium (Eupen Malmedy)	Hoffner, Johannes	Ziefen CH 2010, BPP 2011–, SBPV
Belgium	Husemann, Franz	Gladbeck/W. 1950
Belgium	Jonsen, Daniël	1983, b. 1947, [Soeteman]
Belgium	Kellens, Georges (manuscript)	Belgium
Belgium	Michaux, Albert	Auvelais (B), b. 1962, auctioneer, expert 1998–, AIEP 2003–, [FFE7, PE]
Belgium	Pavoille (boxed, three lines: PA VOI LLE), also: Pavoille Paris (two lines)	Emile P., Paris 1926, dealer, also on forged, [Flasch]
Belgium	Schreuders, Dr. F.	The Hague 1897
Belgium	Thys, Herman	Gent 2001, dealer. No longer 2005?
Belgium	Toulieff, Serge	Soumagne 2001, b. 1936, [Soeteman]. Note
Belgium	Union Royal Philatélique	Brussels 1950
Belgium	Vaarnas, Kalle. Photo. (Certif.)	Helsinki, d. 1990, BPP 1961, Finn. Phil. Fed. 1981–90
Belgium	Vanhorenbeck, Johan	Antwerpen 1999, b. 1949, [Soeteman]. Note
Belgium	Verret	Schoten (Belgium), dealer
Belgium	Vervisch, Roger	Brussels 2001, b. 1922, [Soeteman]
Belgium	Williame, U(lmar) E. G. (in blue)	Brussels 1943, 1903–76, dealers, AIEP 1954–76, [Soeteman]
Belgium (cancellations)	Cock, André-Emile de	Brussels, 1880–1964, BPP 1961, AIEP 1954–64
Belgium and Colonies	Balasse, Guy	Brussels 1999, [Soeteman]. Note
Belgium and Colonies	Gelli & Tani (also 'GT' in square or in circle)	Brussels 1920 1943, important dealers f. 1860; Gustave Gelli indep. dealer 1926
Belgium and Colonies	Godderis, Dr. Karel	[Soeteman]
Belgium and Colonies	Kaiser, Pierre (Jean Marie)	Brussels, b. 1956, dealer, expert 1996–, AIEP 2001–, [FFE5, PE], [Soeteman]
Belgium and Colonies	Lambotte Fils, Jules	Verviers 1920, dealers
Belgium and Colonies	Linden, James van der. Photo	Aachen 2003, b. 1930, expert 1975–, AIEP 1997–, BPP, [FFE4, PE]
Belgium and Colonies	Soeteman, Corneille ('CS', 'Corneille'), additional marks. Certif.	Brussels 1999, expert committee 1966–, [Soeteman]. Note
Bhutan (pre-adh.)	Jain, Pradip	Patna, b. 1953, expert 1995–, AIEP 2002–, [FFE6, PE]
Bohemia & Moravia	Cermak	?
Bohemia & Moravia	Darmietzel, Peter	Marktsteinach, BPP 1996, SCF 2001
Bohemia & Moravia	Darmietzel, Peter	Marktsteinach, BPP 1996, SCF 2001
Bohemia & Moravia	Gilbert (+forged, 2) (in script). Photo.	Dr. Rudolf G., Prague, 1896–1984, expert –1970s, BPP 1961, forged, [Flasch]
Bohemia & Moravia	Hefer, Fred W. (forged)	Grünwald, 1924–2003, BPP 1991
Bohemia & Moravia	Karásek, Ján (Jan Karasek)	Brno, b. 1927, expert 1960–, AIEP 1964–, SCF –2003, [FFE2 3, PE]
Bohemia & Moravia, Sudetians	Mahr, Max (forged)	Düsseldorf, b. 1917, BPP 1976, AIEP 1979–92
Bohemia & Moravia	Möbs, Theodor. (= Moebs). Photo	Frankfurt/Main, 1897–1978, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–67
Bohemia & Moravia	Novotný, Ladislav (Novotny)	Bratislava, 1901–81, SCF 1957–
Bohemia & Moravia	Paetow, Hans-Hermann	Bremen, b. 1931, expert 1990–, BPP 1996, AIEP 2003–, [FFE7, PE]
Bohemia & Moravia	Pfeiffer, Detlef	Gäufelden-Öschelbronn, BPP 2001
Bohemia & Moravia	Pittermann, Pavel. Photo	Prague, b. 1942, expert 1984–, CSF exp. chairman –2004, AIEP 1996–, [FFE2 3, PE]
Bohemia & Moravia	Šablatúra, Svätopluk (Sablatura)	Bratislava, b. 1929, SCF 2001
Bolivia	Boeck Parada, Eugenio von	Bolivia, b. 1923, [FFE3 6]
Bolivia	Rendon, Alex (Alejandro) (Works as member of committee.)	New York NY, b. 1940, expert 1970–, AIEP 1982–, [FFE5, PE]
Bolivia (1894)	Székula, Béla - Luzern, Budapest (Sekula, Szekula)	3 brothers, Bela Sz. b. 1881, dealers pre-WW2, forgers, [Flasch 153, Tyler]
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Fleck, Vladimir ('V.F.')	Zagreb, 1885–1969, expert c. 1940–69, AIEP 1958–69
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Goller, Arnold	Kötschach AU, BPP 2008–
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Kunz, Julius	Vienna 1950, auctioneer, b. 1887. Note
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Passer, Adolf	Prague, 1865–1938
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Seitz, Anton	Vienna 1949, 1900–67, dealer, BPP 1961, AIEP 1954–67
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Sips, Zoran	Zagreb, CPS 2000–
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Soecknick, Rüdiger	Klosterneuburg, BPP 2003
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Strandell, Nils	Stockholm 1926 1961, 1876–1963. Note
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Velickovic, Prof. Dr. Jovan ('JV' in circle), 2. Note	Belgrade, 1927–2012, expert 1975–, BPP 1991, AIEP 1994–, VÖB, [FFE2 3 5, PE]
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Verner, Mirko	Novi Sad 1954, 1915–82, AIEP 1958–80
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Zenker, Gisbert	Vienna, 1920–87, AIEP 1967–87, BPP 1976
Bosnia & Herzegovina (postal history)	Schöpfer, Klaus (Schopfer, Schoepfer)	Innsbruck, b. 1948, expert 1993–, AIEP 1998–, VÖB, [FFE3, PE]
Br. Colonies	Allen, T(homas) ('TA')	London 1926, 1895–1984, dealers.
Br. Colonies	BPA. Certif1, 2	British Philatelic Association, f. 1928, [PE]
Br. Colonies	Brandon, David. Certif. Note	Guildford, dealers, independent experts
Br. Colonies	Bühler, Georg 2 (+forged twice). Certif. Ads. (Buhler, Buehler)	Berlin, auctioneer 1931–, dealer 1943, expert, BPP 1961. Note
Br. Colonies	CA, einf. CA, CA CA. (einf. = single)	CA or Multiple CA Watermark, (not an expertising mark)
Br. Colonies	Kay, Alexander Berridge	London, d. 1944, dealer, BPA expert comm.
Br. Colonies	Lowe, Robson. Certif., 2	London 1926, 1905–97, dealer, chairman BPA Expert Committee, AIEP 1970–97.
Br. Colonies	Madame Joseph Forged Cancel (boxed, in green). Note	Applied by Stanley Gibbons Ltd to stamps with forged postmark, c. 2000–
Br. Colonies	Marimian	British dealer?
Br. Colonies (George VI)	Murray Payne Ltd. Certif	Axbridge GB, experts Richard (Dickon) Pollard and Stuart Babbington
Br. Colonies (George VI)	Pollard, Richard (Dickon)	England 2001, dealer (see Murray Payne), BPA expert committee member
Br. Colonies	RPS, RPSL Certif1, 2, 1917. Note	Royal Philatelic Society London, expert comm. 1894–, [FFE2 p.173; Brühl p.482, PE]
Br. Colonies	Wilson, Sir John	London, 1898–1975, chairman RPSL Expert Committee 1937–75, AIEP 1954–c.56.
Br. East Africa	Glaettli, Ad., Zürich	Ad. Glättli & Cie, Zurich, 1940s, dealers
Br. Guiana	Merkur	1973
Br. North America	APEX (formerly APES)	American Philatelic Expertizing Service (APS and ASDA), 1903–, [PE]. Note
Br. occ. Bushire	Dadkah, Dr. Mohamed	Teheran, 1910–80, AIEP 1970–80. Note
Br. Pacific Is.	RPS of Victoria. Certif.	Royal Philatelic Society of Victoria, exp. comm. f. 1949, [PE]. Note
Br. Pacific Is.	RPSNZ	Royal Philatelic Society of New Zealand, exp. comm. f. 1952, [PE]
Br. Virgin Is.	Migliavacca, Dr. Giorgio. Note	Tortola BVI, auctioneer 1967–, expert 1973–
Brazil	Comelli, Paulo	Belo Horizonte, b. 1943, AIEP 2003–, [FFE7, PE]
Brazil	FTF Rio	Rio de Janeiro, dealer
Brazil	Grønlund, Svend (Gronlund, Groenlund). Certif. Photo	Copenhagen 1969, d. 1970s, also on forged. Note
Brazil	Juchert, Bernd	Kloster Lehnin (DE), BPP 1991
Brazil	Peleeheid Paris	Paris, dealer?
Brazil	Pordo, Friedrich	Rio de Janeiro 1897
Brazil	Sanchez, Heitor ('Heitor S. Paulo')	Sao Paulo 1918 1943 1965, dealer
Bulgaria	Drahn, August Wilhelm, A. W. Drahn	Cologne 1943 and 1961, Bad Kissingen 1950, 1893–1974, dealer, Michel catalogue consultant (for pre-1918 listings), BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–74
Bulgaria	Karaivanoff, Petko V(assilev), PVK, 2. Certif.	Sofia 1949, b. 1874 (living 1957), dealer
Bulgaria	Karaivanoff, Vassil P(etkov). Certif.	Sofia (ul. Han Krum no. 7) 2000, b. c. 1922, son of P. V. Karaivanoff
Bulgaria	Richter, Alexander	Ruse (BG) 1897
Bulgaria	Zagorsky, Dragomir	La Mesa CA (USA), b. c. 1925, formerly VÖB
Burma	Tay, Peng Hian	Singapore, b. 1944, expert 1989–, AIEP 1998–, [FFE4, PE]
Canada, BNA	Gratton, Richard	Windsor PQ, b. 1954, expert 1984–, AIEP 1998–, [FFE3 5, PE]
Canada, BNA	Greene, V. G.	1893–1988, see Vincent ...
Canada (BNA)	Lyman, Robert W.	Irvington NY, b. 1925, expert 1980–99, AIEP 1987–, [FFE4, PE]
Canada, BNA	Maresch, Wilhelm H. P.	Toronto, b. 1926, dealer, expert 1956–, AIEP 1976–, [FFE3, PE]
Canada, BNA	Schmelzer	.
Canada, BNA	Sheryer, Richard	Mississauga ONT, 1951–2021, dealer, expert 1980–, AIEP 1995–, [FFE3, PE]
Canada, BNA	Sismondo, Sergio. Certif. Note	Syracuse NY, 1943–2023, dealer, expert 1993–, AIEP 1999–, [FFE3, PE]
Canada, BNA	Vincent Graves Greene Philatelic Research Foundation	Toronto, expert committee, f. 1975, AIEP 1991–, [FFE2 4, APS Hall of Fame, PE]. Note
Cape of Good Hope	Collins, Commander F(rank) W(illiam)	Winchester (GB), c. 1907–89, AIEP 1967–89
Cape of Good Hope	Debney, Richard	New York NY 2001
Cape of Good Hope	Richter, Heinzgeorg. Certif.	Wöllstadt (Germany) 1998, d. 1980s, independent expert. Note
Cape of Good Hope	Roth, Douglas	Newlands (South Africa), 1906–90, AIEP 1970–80
Cape of Good Hope	Sanhotz Paris (or San Hotz)	Dealer?
Cape of Good Hope	Seefeldner, Gustav, Prof. GS + heron, 'SG' (in circle)	Salzburg 1896, Vienna pre-1950, UPV, [Wilhelm van Loo]
Carpatho-Ukraine	Blaha, Dr. Miroslav (in script)	Skalitz, Zabreh (CZ), 1921–93. Note
Carpatho-Ukraine	Bulat, H. (in Cyrillic script; also in Latin script), Bulat BPP	John Bulat, Yonkers NY, d. 1999, BPP 1976
Carpatho-Ukraine	Cronin, Andrew	Toronto, b. 1925, AIEP 2000–, [FFE1 4 (p.174) 5, PE]
Carpatho-Ukraine	Ernst, Adolf, two-line B. B. B. in circle	Europe, later Palo Verde CA (USA), dealer, reported to use B.B.B. in circle
Carpatho-Ukraine	Gilbert (+forged, 2) (in script). Photo.	Dr. Rudolf G., Prague, 1896–1984, expert –1970s, BPP 1961, forged, [Flasch]
Carpatho-Ukraine	Riccio, Dr. Dominick	New York NY 2001, UPNS expert
Carpatho-Ukraine (Chust 1944)	Šablatúra, Svätopluk (Sablatura)	Bratislava, b. 1929, SCF 2001
Carpatho-Ukraine	Serebrakian, Souren David, 'SER' (in rectangle). S. Serebrakian Inc.	Monroe NY, in Brussels (1931 1949), 1900–91, dealer, also on forged. Note
Carpatho-Ukraine	Steiden, Georg von	Munich 2001, UPNS expert
Carpatho-Ukraine	UPNS. Certif.	Ukrainian Philatelic and Numismatic Society, Expertizing Committee, USA; cf. Tkachuk. Note
Central America	Alvarez, Ricardo	San José, 1912–2003, dealer, AIEP 1982–2000, As Fil de CR 2001
Central America	Duron Membreño, Dr. (RDM)	Dr. Raúl Durón Membreño, Tegucigalpa; forged
Central America	Luff, John N.	New York 1926, 1860–1938, APS expert
Central America	Moorhouse, Brian	Peterborough (GB) 2001, dealer
Central America	PF. Certif.	, NY, 1945–, [FFE2 (p.173) 3, PE]. Note
Central America	Ruidiaz (Beremundo Ruidiaz Alfonso)	Mexico DF 1949, dealer, forged
Central America (excl. Haiti, Mexico)	Wendt, Otto	Hamburg-Blankensee, Ulzburg 1968, 1889–1969, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–69
Central Lithuania	Becker, Ing. Ernst (forged). (Ing. = Engineer)	Anklam 1935, Hamburg 1950, 1894–1971, BPP 1961, AIEP 1954–71
Central Lithuania	Hahne, Gerhard	Uetze (Germany), 1927–2006, BPP 1987–99, AIEP 2001–06, [PE]
Central Lithuania	Landré, Dr. George (Landre)	Goslar 1950, Bremen, b. 1899, BPP 1961, AIEP 1954–c.66
Central Lithuania	Laszkiewicz, Prof. Antoni	Warsaw 1950, 1904–80, AIEP 1970–80
Central Lithuania	Lindberg, George B. Photo	Slite (Sweden), later Stockholm, 1907–96, BPP 1961
Central Lithuania	Plamsch, Adolf	Grodno 1935, b. 1866
Central Lithuania	Rosin	Dealer?
Ceylon (pre-1910)	Kimmel, Kurt E. (forged)	Massagno (CH) 2001, Richterswil (CH), b. 1941, expert 1972–, BPP 1976, AIEP 1991–, SBPV, [FFE3 5, PE]
Ceylon	Pearson, Patrick C. (Works as member of committee.)	London, b. 1930, expert 1965–, AIEP 1990–, [FFE1 3 5 6, PE]
Chile	Chile, Sociedad Filatelica de. Certif.	Comisión de expertos, Santiago
Chile (first issue)	Engel, Walter, 2 (BPP), (both forged)	Hamburg, 1914–82, BPP 1961, AIEP 1978–82
Chile	Lee, Ronald A(lbert) G(eorge)	London, 1912–90, RPSL, AIEP 1976–90
Chile (incl. occ. of Peru)	Maier, Jörg	Bubenreuth, Munich, b. 1940, expert 1980–, BPP 1980–, AIEP 1991–, [FFE3, PE]
Chile	Quast, Albert	Hamburg, BPP 1968
Chile	Schumann, Otto A.	Berlin-Wilmersdorf 1935, b. 1884
Chile	Wendt, Otto	Hamburg-Blankensee, Ulzburg 1968, 1889–1969, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–69
China (Empire), Shanghai	Benzinger, Prof. Heinz	Munich, BPP 1980
China	Chang Min	Hubei, b. 1952, [FFE3]
China (pre-1949), Shanghai	Hille, Peter	Dresden, BPP c.1991–2005
China	Livingston, Lyons F.	USA, d. 1971
China	Pappadopulo (in boxed P), SP (in circle). Stephan Aristol P.	Vladivostok c. 1918–22, Shanghai 1923–48, 1880–1953 (b. 1885?), dealer. Note
China	Ray, Samuel	Chicago, 1912–92, AIEP 1969–92
China	Schumann, Alexander	Shanghai, 1930s 40s, dealer, cat. editor
China	Zweiling, Arthur	Bergfelde bei Berlin, 1893–1971, BPP 1961
China (air mails)	Lu, David	Rowland Heights CA USA, b. 1968, expert 1997–, AIEP 2002–, [FFE6 6, PE]
China incl. Shanghai	Vincke, Frhr. von	Wiesbaden, BPP 1958–
China incl. all areas	Chan, Dr. Shiu-Hon	Hong Kong 2004
China and related areas	CSS. Certif. only	The China Stamp Society Inc, MO, USA
China incl. all areas	Poon, Kam Leung. Photo. (Works as member of committee.)	Hong Kong, b. 1936, expert 1995–, AIEP 2000–, [FFE4, PE]
China (Formosa)	Heddergott, Jochen	Munich, b. 1936, expert 1969–, BPP 1976, AIEP 1987–, [FFE6, PE]
China (Formosa)	Vincke, Frhr. von	Wiesbaden, BPP 1958–
China (People's Rep.)	Haveman, B. Walter	Aalen, BPP 2006–
Chinese PO Tibet	Dahnke, Kurt H. Certif.	Nuremberg, BPP 1976
Chinese PO Tibet	Franke, Wilfried	Cologne, b. 1947, BPP 1996
Chinese PO Tibet	Heddergott, Jochen	Munich, b. 1936, expert 1969–, BPP 1976, AIEP 1987–, [FFE6, PE]
Colombia	Bortfeldt, Dieter	Bogotá, b. 1940, expert 1994–, AIEP 2002–, [FFE6, PE]
Colombia	Goeggel, Dr. Hugo. Photo	Bogotá, b. 1936, expert 1990–, AIEP 2000–, [FFE4, PE]
Colombia	Londoño-Tamayo, Jairo	Bogotá, 1916–2000, AIEP 1981–2000
Colombia	Michelsen, Dr. G.	Hamburg 1897
Colombia	Rendon, Alex (Alejandro) (Works as member of committee.)	New York NY, b. 1940, expert 1970–, AIEP 1982–, [FFE5, PE]
Confederate States	Ashbrook, Stanley B.	Cincinnati 1926, 1882–1957(58?)
Confederate States	Bowman, James W.	Lubbock TX 2000
Confederate States	Calhoun, Col. Richard L.	Chicago 2000, CSA
Confederate States	CSA	Confederate Stamp Alliance. Note
Confederate States	Gunter, Erin R.	USA 2000
Confederate States	Jakubek, Wolfgang	Hamburg, Giekau 2002, BPP 1976
Confederate States	Kaufmann, Patricia A., earlier 'PAK' lightly in pencil	Lincoln, DE, USA, dealer 1973–. Note
Confederate States	Matz, Billy. BM	USA 2000
Confederate States	Palazolo, Jerry S.	USA 2000
Confederate States	Powell, Peter W. W.	USA 2000
Confederate States	Sanders, Warren H.	USA 2000
Costa Rica	Alvarez, Ricardo	San José, 1912–2003, dealer, AIEP 1982–2000, As Fil de CR 2001
Costa Rica	Bialikamien, Enrique. Photo	San José, Asoc. Filat. de C.R. 2001
Costa Rica	Joris, Cornelio	Munich 1897
Costa Rica	O'Neill, Fred	Asoc. Filat. de C. R. 2001
Costa Rica	Reinoso, Juan	San José, dealer, Asoc. Filat. C. R. 2001
Costa Rica	Rothe	.
Costa Rica	Wayman, Giana	San José 2001, Asoc. Filat. de C. R. 2001
Costa Rica	Wendt, Otto	Hamburg-Blankensee, Ulzburg 1968, 1889–1969, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–69
Crete	Karatzas, Takis	Athens, b. 1943, expert 1989–, AIEP 1998–, [FFE3, PE]
Crete	Liberman, W. (R.) ('WRL')	1970s
Crete	Schmitt, Joh. Ulrich	Diessen a.A. 2003, Munich, b. 1936, expert 1965–, BPP 1968, AIEP 1982–, [FFE5, PE]
Crete (Therison)	m (large size, 4x3 mm)	Seen on genuine, original Therison stamps
Croatia	Fleck, Vladimir ('V.F.')	Zagreb, 1885–1969, expert c. 1940–69, AIEP 1958–69
Croatia (Mi 1–178)	Huzanic, Mario	Affoltern am Albis CH, BPP 2011–, SBPV 2019–
Croatia	Rommerskirchen, Dr. Helmut	Krefeld, BPP 1968
Croatia	Wallner, Dr. Ferdinand (forged), usually in handwriting. Photo	Vienna 1943, 1894–1970, dealer, AIEP 1954–, VÖB, AIEP 1954–70, BPP 1961
Croatia	Wieneke, Michael	Cologne, BPP 1996
Croatia	Zrinjscak, Predrag (PZ in circle). Certif.	Pforzheim, b. 1946, expert 1985–, AIEP 2000–, [FFE4, PE]
Cuba	Aznar Havana Cuba	Also on forged
Cuba	Campo, Ricardo del (R. del C.)	Spain?
Cuba	Cuesta, Ernesto (E. C.)	Ciudad México 1947, APS expert
Cuba	Echenagusía, Carlos	Madrid
Cuba	Joris, Cornelio	Munich 1897
Cuba	Lazaro, Miguel (M. L.)	.
Cuba	Lily	?
Cuba	Museo Postal Cubano (M P C)	La Habana
Cuba	Parras, Francisco	.
Cuba	Robertson, Peter A. (PAR)	USA, b. 1943, AIEP 1987–94
Cuba	Rosende, Dr. Alberto	.
Cuba	Rosende, Dr. Roberto (RR)	Yonkers NY, b. 1935, AIEP 1981–2002
Cuba	Star, blue	Only seen on forgeries
Cuba	Steegers y Perera, Juan Francisco	La Habana. Reliable expert
Cuba	Tows, Ferrars H.	Pennsylvania, d. 1958, collector
Cyprus	Joris, Cornelio	Munich 1897
Cyprus	Pröschold, Horst K. W. (Proschold, Proeschold)	Frankfurt/M., 1922–89, BPP 1976, AIEP 1975–89
Cyprus	Richter, Heinzgeorg. Certif.	Wöllstadt (Germany) 1998, d. 1980s, independent expert. Note
Czechoslovakia	Aksamit, Pavel	Czech Rep., b. 1942, SCF 2004–
Czechoslovakia	Basika, Karel	Czechoslovakia, 1903–68, SCF
Czechoslovakia	Beneš, František (Benes) ('Pofis-Beneš')	Prague 2001, b. 1955, dealer (Profil), SCF chairman
Czechoslovakia	Benol	Dealer's or owner's mark. [Hoffmann]
Czechoslovakia	Blaha, Dr. Miroslav (in script)	Skalitz, Zabreh (CZ), 1921–93. Note
Czechoslovakia	Buchta, Eduard	Czechoslovakia, 1911–77, SCFS
Czechoslovakia	Bukvic, C., Kr. Vinohrady	Prague-Vinohrady, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Cerny, Antonin, 'CA'	Prague na Újezde, dealer, pre-WW2
Czechoslovakia	Chesloe, Charlie	Willow Springs IL USA 2002, dealer (Tribuna Stamp Co.), Tribuna Expert Committee
Czechoslovakia	Chvalovský, Josef	Praha, SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia	Crha, Frantisek	Czech Rep., b. 1931, expert 2004–
Czechoslovakia	Cueni, Dr. Werner. Photo	Basel 1949, 1897–1955, official expert 1949, AIEP 1954–55
Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovak Philately, Society for	USA
Czechoslovakia	Darmietzel, Peter	Marktsteinach, BPP 1996, SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia	Drazan, Vladimir	Czech Rep., b. 1941, expert 2004–
Czechoslovakia	Dvorák, Frantisek	Czechoslovakia, b. 1914
Czechoslovakia	Ekstein, V., Vinohrady	Prague-Vinohrady, pre-WW2, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Falešný	'Forgery' in Czech
Czechoslovakia	Filatelista ... Bratislava	Bratislava, dealers
Czechoslovakia	Filatella	.
Czechoslovakia	Fischl, Dr.	Dealer (Reimannová-Sladková), pre-WW2
Czechoslovakia	Fischmeister, Dr., Ladislav. Note	Czechoslovakia, later USA, 1923–2003
Czechoslovakia	Franek, Jaroslav	Prague 1950, 1900–60, expert –1940s
Czechoslovakia	Gar. Echt (AW/WA added separately)	German for "guaranteed genuine"
Czechoslovakia	Gilbert (+forged, 2) (in script). Photo.	Dr. Rudolf G., Prague, 1896–1984, expert –1970s, BPP 1961, forged, [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia	Hahn, Henry	Fairfax VI (USA), b. 1927, SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia	Hanák	Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia	Hassel, Ch.	Basel 1949, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Havlas	Czechoslovakia, pre-WW2, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Hefer, Fred W. (forged)	Grünwald, 1924–2003, BPP 1991
Czechoslovakia	Herout, Eduard	Czechoslovakia, 1921–77, SCSF
Czechoslovakia	Hirsch, Ervin	Czechosl., 1892–1956, expert –1939
Czechoslovakia	Jedlicka, Vincenc ('J' in Courier font)	Prague 1897, dealer, d. 1914.
Czechoslovakia	Jetrík	Owner's mark. [Hoffmann]
Czechoslovakia	Kaiser, Slavomir	Denmark 1982, 1960s
Czechoslovakia	Kaplan, C.	Czechoslovakia, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Kaplanek, Karel ('KAP', 2, in oval)	Prague 1949, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Kapras	Dealer
Czechoslovakia (also on forged)	Karásek, Ján (Jan Karasek)	Brno, b. 1927, expert 1960–, AIEP 1964–, SCF –2003, [FFE2 3, PE]
Czechoslovakia	Kosina, J. (Jiri)	Prague, up to WW2, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Kovarik, Jaroslav	Prague, expert 1957–
Czechoslovakia	Kozak, Karol	Slovakia, 1940s, cf. Slovensky F.
Czechoslovakia	Kracík	.
Czechoslovakia	Kramer	.
Czechoslovakia	Kraus, Ján	Prague, Neratovice, 1941–2001, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Kubis	.
Czechoslovakia	Kulda, Dr. Jiri	Czechoslovakia, 1925–98
Czechoslovakia	Kvasnicka, Zdenek	Czechoslovakia, 1905–93, SCF
Czechoslovakia	Langhammer, Miroslav	Czech Rep., b. 1952, expert 2004–
Czechoslovakia	Lešetický Ustredna (also boxed) (Leseticky)	Lešetický expert committee, Cz.
Czechoslovakia	Leaf of lime-tree (a picture)	Czech experts' mark
Czechoslovakia (Hradcin issue)	Leitenberger, Friedrich	Teplice-Sanow (Cz.), 1890–1933
Czechoslovakia	Lion (state arms)	.
Czechoslovakia	Lorenc, Jaroslav	Czechoslovakia, SCSF expert 1957–
Czechoslovakia	Mahr, Max (forged)	Düsseldorf, b. 1917, BPP 1976, AIEP 1979–92
Czechoslovakia	Majer	.
Czechoslovakia (Hradcin issue)	Malecek, Jaroslav (in script)	Prague, b. 1940, SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia	Mareš (Mares)	Czechoslovakia, pre-WW2
Czechoslovakia	Mazurek, F. J.	Owner's/dealer's mark, Polish? [P.Hoffm.]
Czechoslovakia	Minarik, Jan	Prague, b. 1881, dealer –1931
Czechoslovakia	MK (in circle)	[P. Hoffmann]
Czechoslovakia	Mondolfo, Renato. Certif.	Trieste 1950, Rome 1961, 1918–92, AIEP 1954–92
Czechoslovakia	Mrnák, J (in script), (+forged, 2). Photo. (Mrnak)	Jan Mrnák, Czechoslovakia, 1903–68, expert 1937–1940s, AIEP 1960–68
Czechoslovakia	Müller, Milos (Muller, Mueller)	Bratislava, expert 1939–1970s
Czechoslovakia	Möbs, Theodor. (= Moebs). Photo	Frankfurt/Main, 1897–1978, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–67
Czechoslovakia	Novotný, Ladislav (Novotny)	Bratislava, 1901–81, SCF 1957–
Czechoslovakia	Palacek, W.	Prague
Czechoslovakia	Paprstein, Vladimir	Czechoslovakia, d. 1958, USCF expert
Czechoslovakia (also on forged)	Pittermann, Pavel. Photo	Prague, b. 1942, expert 1984–, CSF exp. chairman –2004, AIEP 1996–, [FFE2 3, PE]
Czechoslovakia	Prasil, Vaclav	Prague, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Prehnalek, Erwin	Also on forged, [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia	Protivensky, Miloslav	Czechoslovakia, 1911–70, SCF
Czechoslovakia	Ptacovsky, Klement	Bratislava, 1940s, cf. Slovensky F.
Czechoslovakia	Pytlícek, Ludvík	Semily (Cz.) 2000, b. 1943, collector, in 2003 accused of selling forgeries
Czechoslovakia	Reach, Zikmund	Prague, 1859–1935, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Riba Praha	Prague, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Šablatúra, Svätopluk (Sablatura)	Bratislava, b. 1929, SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia	Sberate	Sbêratel means "collector" in Czech
Czechoslovakia	SCF	Svazu Českých Filatelistů, Komise Expertu f. 1960. Encountered irregularities in Dec. 2003, but was reorganised. [PE]
Czechoslovakia	Schröder, Dr. Arthur (boxed) (+forged), also Schroeder	Lippstadt/W. 1950, Mülheim/Ruhr, 1895– 1968, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–68, mark in use c. 1930–60
Czechoslovakia	Sedlak, Ernst	Frantiskovy Lazne (CZ), 1920s.
Czechoslovakia (Hradcin issue)	Škaloud, Jirí (Skaloud)	Brno, SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia	Skandera, Bohumil ('bsb')	Brno 1949, 1896–1978, dealer –1952. Note
Czechoslovakia	Slovenský Filatelista	Bratislava, f. 1939–, experts: Novotny, Ptacovsky, Kozak, Milos Müller
Czechoslovakia	Šrámek, František (Sramek)	Prague, 1923–99, SCF
Czechoslovakia	Stach, Alfons, 2	Prague, New York NY 1939, dealer
Czechoslovakia	Stanek	Czechoslovakia, owner's mark?
Czechoslovakia	Stodola	Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia	Stoupa, F.	Prague, pre-WW2, dealer
Czechoslovakia (typo stamps)	Stupka, Jiri	Czech Rep., b. 1949, SCF expert 2004–
Czechoslovakia	Suchánek, Hugo (H.S.P. in triangle)	Prague (Husova Street), dealer
Czechoslovakia	Tekel, Andrej	Bratislava, SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia	Tili	[P. Hoffmann]
Czechoslovakia	Tribuna	Czechosl., pre-WW2, dealers, magazine
Czechoslovakia	Wagner, Dr. Jan	Czechosl., 1891–1968, USCF expert
Czechoslovakia	Wagner, Matej	Brno, 1876–1970, expert 1922–
Czechoslovakia	Wallner, Dr. Ferdinand (forged), usually in handwriting. Photo	Vienna 1943, 1894–1970, dealer, AIEP 1954–, VÖB, AIEP 1954–70, BPP 1961
Czechoslovakia (typo stamps)	Zampach, František (posthorn)	Brno, 1914–2000, SCF
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Brunner, F(elix)	[Flasch], (q.v. Am. Phil. Congr. Book 1944: b. 1893)
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Flasch, Dezsö	Budapest 1998, d. 2006, expert on overprints, [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919), etc.	Kayssner, Kurt	Germany, d. c. 1937, renowned expert
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Keitsch, W. Envelope	Karlovy Vary, pre-WW2, dealers
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Kovar, Adolf	Vienna 2001, auctions (Dorotheum), VÖB
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Lešetický, Jaroslav ('Lý', forged). Photo	Czechoslovakia, 1866–1936, initiator of the Posta 1919 ovpts, expert c. 1920–, not reliable. [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Šula, Jaroslav (A and crown)	Prague, 1865–1927, [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Weinert, Dr. Viktor	Bratislava 1926, b. 1890, [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia (Posta 1919)	Winczer, A... (boxed)	Alex W., Késmárk, [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia (air mails)	Helm, Dr. Bedrich	Klatovy (Czech Rep.), expert 2004–
Czechoslovakia (e.g. SO 1920)	Weiss, Jan	Czechoslovakia, pre-WW2, [Flasch]
Czechoslovakia (Scout stamps)	Miltner, Milos	Neuenhof (CH), 1980s, dealer
Czechoslovakia (Legion in Siberia)	Kreke, Jan van der	Koog aan de Zaan (NL), SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia (Legion in Siberia)	Verner, Jaroslav J.	Bethesda MD (USA ), SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia (1945–)	Weissenstein, Josef. This mark 'Wss' could be his.	Pardubice (Chech Rep.), b. 1947, dealer (Parfilex), SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia (1945–)	Pazout, Pavel	Praha, dealer (Profil), SCF 2001
Czechoslovakia (postal stationery)	Arbeit, Marcel	Czech Rep., SCF 2005–
Czechoslovakia (postal history)	Beneš Sr., František (Benes)	Prague, b. 1931, dealer (Profil)
Czechoslovakia (postal history)	Nekvasil, Jiri	Czechoslovakia, 1921–88, SCSF
Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland issues)	Botscheck, Hanns (HB)	Information
Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland issues)	Rijxman, Dr A. S.	Hilversum. Information
Danish West Indies	Debo, Dr. Arno	Heidelberg, Munich, 1921–2000, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1967–2000
Danish West Indies	Møller, Carl Aage (Moller, Moeller)	Greve Strand (DK), b. 1956, expert 1986–, AIEP 2000–, BPP 2001, [FFE4 5, PE]
Danish West Indies	Osper, Horst	Borken (later Thailand), BPP 1991–2005
Danish West Indies	Paaskesen, Erik E(gtved)	Brussels, 1949–2000, dealer, AIEP 1991–2000
Danish West Indies	Plško, Štefan (Plsko)	Detva (Slovakia), SCF 2001
Danish West Indies	Sk., H.	.
Danish West Indies	Wahl, Günter	Dresden, b. 1929, BPP 1991
Danish West Indies	Witt, Helge	Copenhagen, 1917–77, AIEP 1954–77, BPP 1961
Danzig	Dub, Dr. Emil, 2 (beetle, 3 versions), also 'D' for Saar? Also forged.	Oberstein 1950, 1883–1976, expert 1920–, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–74. Note
Danzig	Grallert, Wolfram	Leipzig, 1924–2014, dealer
Danzig	Hochkeppeler, Georg	Danzig 1935, Berlin-Steglitz, BPP 1961
Danzig	Holtz, Kurt	Danzig 1935, dealer 1943
Danzig	Jendroszek, Heinrich Hubert	Lügde, BPP 2003–06, Verein Philatelistischer Prüfer
Danzig	Oechsner, Dr. Helmut P.	Nuremberg, b. 1951, expert 1974–, BPP 1976, AIEP 1991–, [FFE3, PE]
Danzig	Popa, S. Andreas	Schleswig 1950
Danzig	Ritter, Hermann	Zurich 1949, official expert 1949
Danzig	Schüler, Gerhard (Schuler)	Hamburg, 1911–81, BPP 1961
Danzig	Soecknick, Rüdiger	Klosterneuburg, BPP 2003
Danzig	Erdwien, Volker	Elze, BPP 1996
Danzig	Kniep, Karl	Wiesbaden, BPP 1980
Denmark	Arctander	.
Denmark	Biesecke, Franz	Berlin 1950, 1888–1966, BPP 1961
Denmark	Droese, Bernhard ('B. Droese')	Plön/Holstein 1950, Düsseldorf 1961, Bad Salzuflen 1968, BPP 1958–
Denmark	Grønlund, Svend (Gronlund, Groenlund). Certif. Photo	Copenhagen 1969, d. 1970s, also on forged. Note
Denmark	Jensen, Vagn	Denmark
Denmark	Koefoed, O.	[Mi cat.]
Denmark	Københavns Philatelist Klubb	Copenhagen 1950
Denmark	Lange, Carl H., 2	Hamburg 1950 1961, respected dealer
Denmark	Lundström, Einar. Photo	Stockholm, 1910–94, dealer (Frimärkshuset), AIEP 1970–94
Denmark	Møller, Carl Aage (Moller, Moeller)	Greve Strand (DK), b. 1956, expert 1986–, AIEP 2000–, BPP 2001, [FFE4 5, PE]
Denmark	Nielsen, Gunner Lundegaard	Denmark 1969
Denmark	Nielsen, Lasse	Copenhagen 1999, indep. expert. Note
Denmark	Plško, Štefan (Plsko)	Detva (Slovakia), SCF 2001
Denmark	Rathje, Eigil	Copenhagen, 1901–86, AIEP 1954–c.56
Denmark	Schønning, Hans (Schonning)	Århus 1979, prev. dealer (AFA)
Denmark	Sundgaard, R.	Denmark
Denmark	Svendsen, Lars. Certif.	Virum 1989 2004
Denmark	Witschi, Hans	Sumiswald 2001, SBPV until c. 2002
Denmark (pre-1885)	Witt, Helge	Copenhagen, 1917–77, AIEP 1954–77, BPP 1961
Denmark incl. all areas, DWI	Smith, Jay	NC USA, dealer, expert under own name 2003–, APS expert
Denmark, Faroes	Debo, Dr. Arno	Heidelberg, Munich, 1921–2000, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1967–2000
Denmark, Faroes	Kaiser, Slavomir	Denmark 1982, 1960s
Denmark, Faroes	Osper, Horst	Borken (later Thailand), BPP 1991–2005
Denmark, Faroes	Paaskesen, Erik E(gtved)	Brussels, 1949–2000, dealer, AIEP 1991–2000
Denmark, Faroes	Wahl, Günter	Dresden, b. 1929, BPP 1991
Denmark (Faroes)	Wowern, Eric v.	Virum (Denmark) 2000
Dominican Rep.	Krug, Hansmichael	Frankfurt/M, b. 1948, expert 1994–, BPP 1996, AIEP 2002–, [FFE6, PE]
Dominican Rep.	Todd, Gregory C. G.	Ireland, b. 1955, dealer, expert 1990–, AIEP 2002–, [FFE6, PE]
Eastern Rumelia	Deilakis (script), 2 (caps.)	Paris, pre-WW2, dealer
Eastern Rumelia	Friedemann, Albert	Leipzig, 1867–1933, dealer (Senf?)
Eastern Rumelia	Herrmann, Waldemar (also 'H'). Also written Hermann or Woldemar.	Berlin, 1827–1902, dealer, expert 1877–, also on forged, [Brühl p.482]
Eastern Rumelia	Hertsch, Arthur	Bern (Senf, Zumstein), 1884–1973
Eastern Rumelia	Karaivanoff, Vassil P(etkov). Certif.	Sofia (ul. Han Krum no. 7) 2000, b. c. 1922, son of P. V. Karaivanoff
Eastern Rumelia	Zagorsky, Dragomir	La Mesa CA (USA), b. c. 1925, formerly VÖB
Ecuador	Goeggel, Dr. Hugo. Photo	Bogotá, b. 1936, expert 1990–, AIEP 2000–, [FFE4, PE]
Ecuador	Olamo, Juhani (V.)	Helsinki, 1940–2010, Finn. Phil. Fed. 1981– 2001 2006–2010, AIEP 1998–2010, [FFE3, PE].
Ecuador (air mails)	Longhi, Fiorenzo. Note	Belgirate VB (Italy) 2001, b. 1951, dealer, expert 1995–, AIEP 2003–, [FFE7, PE]
Egypt	Angeloglu (Angeloglous), E. L. ('ela'). Picture. Advert.	Cairo 1905 1926 1943, b. 1878, dealer. Note
Egypt	Cassinie, G.	Alexandria, dealer
Egypt incl. Suez Canal	Hass, C(harles) F.	Nashua NH (USA) 2001, dealer
Egypt	Lindenberg, Paul P.	Berlin 1935, b. 1894
Egypt	Pfenninger, Franz (forged, another forged)	Munich 1950, 1905–86, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–86
Egypt	Schneider, H.	Pforzheim 1897
Egypt	Smith, Peter A. S. (Works as member of committee.)	Ann Arbor Mich b. 1920, APS expert 1975–, AIEP 2000–, [FFE3 4 6, PE]
Epirus	Argyropoulos, Alexander G. (A. ΑΡΓΥΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ). Photo	Athens 1949, 1883–1962, dealer
Epirus	Drossos, Pandelis J. (ΔΡΟΣΟΣ)	Athens 1949, 1900–1996, dealer 1926
Epirus	Erbig	.
Epirus	Prendushi, Zef ('ZP' boxed). Letterh.	Skutari, dealer c. 1928–42, also on forged
Epirus	Schmitt, Joh. Ulrich	Diessen a.A. 2003, Munich, b. 1936, expert 1965–, BPP 1968, AIEP 1982–, [FFE5, PE]
Epirus	Spetsiotis Frères (brothers) ('SF')	Athens, dealers, on forged & reprinted
Epirus	Wallner, Dr. Ferdinand (forged), usually in handwriting. Photo	Vienna 1943, 1894–1970, dealer, AIEP 1954–, VÖB, AIEP 1954–70, BPP 1961
Eritrea (postal history)	Zanetti, Dr. Fiorenzo	Milano, b. 1953, expert 1989–, AIEP 1998–, [FFE3, PE]
Estonia	Alver, Heldur	Sweden, in use c. 1970–80
Estonia	Bartels	Hamburg, dealer, in use c. 1950–70. Note
Estonia	Bruhl, Emil	Tallinn, expert c. 1930–60
Estonia	Cueni, Dr. Werner. Photo	Basel 1949, 1897–1955, official expert 1949, AIEP 1954–55
Estonia	Eichenthal (letters in a circle), Eichenthal (in two lines)	Ewald E., Södertälje (Sweden) 1950, prev. Tallinn, dealer, circular mark in use 1920–30s
Estonia	Eichenthal (tall and narrow capital letters). Note	Tallinn, used by the Eichenthal stamp store
Estonia	Eichenthal (low ordinary capital letters). Forged, note	Willem E., Kreuzwertheim a.M 1950, Stockholm 1961, prev. Tallinn, b. 1892, expert until early 1970s
Estonia	Graeffe, Ragnar	Lohja, 1929–2005, Finn. Phil. Fed. 1996–2005
Estonia	Hujala, Pertti	Kirkkonummi, Finn. Phil. Fed. 2005–
Estonia	Karmi, Väinö	Tallinn, d. c. 2001, expert c. 1991–99
Estonia	Klein, Dr. Udo E.	Wilnsdorf, –2014, BPP 1996–2007
Estonia	Kokk, Kalev	Tallinn 2004, EFL 2004–. Note
Estonia	Kollektioner, Tallinn	Eesti Kollektioner, stamp magazine
Estonia	Kuras, Helmut	Wiesbaden 2005, EFL 2005–. Note
Estonia (excl. German occ.)	Kuuskvere, Aivar. Certif.	Elva, b. 1960, expert 2002–. Note
Estonia	Lellep, Olev	Stockholm, expert c. 1940–50
Estonia	Lindberg, George B. Photo	Slite (Sweden), later Stockholm, 1907–96, BPP 1961
Estonia	Löbbering, Thomas	Holzappel, BPP 2004–
Estonia	Mieländer, Gerhard	Berlin-Britz 1961, BPP 1968
Estonia	Nemvalz, Valdo	Johanneshov (Stockholm) 2001, 1922–2003, [Eesti Filatelist #39 p. 226]
Estonia	Pohl, Waldemar (Woldemar?)	Bamberg 1950, 1903–69, BPP 1961, generally reliable, also on forged
Estonia	Puloaas, Gunnar ('GP')	Tallinn, expert c. 1950–95
Estonia	Revaler Philatelisten Verein e.V.	Tallinn 1936, expert F. Klemann. Note
Estonia	Roots, Jaan	Oslo 2004, EFL 2004–. Note
Estonia	Rucins, A. G. (Arvid G.). Rucins	Latvia?, active c. 1950–70
Estonia	Sahlstedt, Bror-Erik	Helsinki, 1918–2004, Finn. Phil. Fed. 1981–94
Estonia	Saidla, Uno (U.S.)	Tallinn, expert c. 1960–95
Estonia (excl. locals)	Schröder, Dr. Arthur (boxed) (+forged), also Schroeder	Lippstadt/W. 1950, Mülheim/Ruhr, 1895– 1968, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–68, mark in use c. 1930–60
Estonia	Stiedl, Otto E.	Vienna 1935
Estonia	Teetsov, A., 2. (Anton Teetsov)	Tallinn, dealer, in use c. 1920–30
Estonia	Vaher, Eo	Melville NY 2001, in use, forged. Note
Estonia	Vajda, Dr. (manuscript, in use 1940–50)	Imre Vajda, Stockholm, 1893–1968, AIEP 1958–68, cf. Wennberg
Estonia	Walli, Harry W. ('H.V.')	Helsinki, 1900–1970
Estonia	Weiner, Julius ('JW')	In use 1930–70
Estonia	Winterstern, Prof. O. (in Russian)	Zurich, in use c. 1950–70
Ethiopia (1919)	Székula, Béla - Luzern, Budapest (Sekula, Szekula)	3 brothers, Bela Sz. b. 1881, dealers pre-WW2, forgers, [Flasch 153, Tyler]
Europe	Bellion, P.	Paris 1943, dealer
Europe	Bokvaj, Milan	Prague, SCF 2001
Europe (also on forged).	BPSB, Briefmarkenprüfstelle Basel	Basel, expert committee. Note. Certif.
Europe (pre-1900)	Bühler, Georg 2 (+forged twice). Certif. Ads. (Buhler, Buehler)	Berlin, auctioneer 1931–, dealer 1943, expert, BPP 1961. Note
Europe	Butikofer, Fréd	Pully (CH), d. 1978, AIEP 1954–74
Europe	Calves, R(oger) (in script (often worn); and in manuscript)	Paris, b. 1921, dealer, AIEP 1960–99, BPP 1984 (no longer). Note
Europe	Cueni, Dr. Werner. Photo	Basel 1949, 1897–1955, official expert 1949, AIEP 1954–55
Europe (pre-1900)	Dietrich, Artur	Leipzig 1950, Büttgen 1976, BPP 1961
Europe (pre-1900)	Drahn, August Wilhelm, A. W. Drahn	Cologne 1943 and 1961, Bad Kissingen 1950, 1893–1974, dealer, Michel catalogue consultant (for pre-1918 listings), BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–74
Europe (pre-1900)	Dvorácek, Ladislav. Photo	Prague, b. 1923, expert 1962–, AIEP 1969–, SCF 2001, [FFE5]
Europe	Ebel (in script)	Arnold E. (owner Benno Krell), Frankfurt, auctions
Europe (pre-1900)	Estoppey, Maurice E.	Lausanne, 1915–98, dealer, AIEP 1965–98
Europe	Ferchenbauer, Ulrich, Dr. Certif.	Vienna, b. 1941, son of Paul, expert 1975–, BPP 1991, AIEP 1996–, VÖB, [FFE5, PE]
Europe	Forbin Paris, A(lfred)	Paris, pre-WW2, dealers, [Flasch]
Europe	Frim. För. i Finland, 2	Frimärkssamlarföreningen i Finland's expert committee, Helsinki, 1931–c.1955
Europe	Fulpius, George(s), Dr. ('G.F.' ?, GF in manuscript)	Geneva 1949, 1886–1955, official expert 1949, AIEP 1954–55
Europe	Gilbert & Koehler Paris. Note	Paris, dealers 1904–13 (Heinrich Köhler)
Europe (pre-1900)	Glavany, Alfred	Istanbul about 1900, dealer. Note
Europe	Gluksman, E.	Paris 1949, dealer
Europe	Haagsche Postzegel Handel	The Hague 1943, pre-WW2, dealers
Europe	Hechter	.
Europe	Heger, Emil	Vienna 1920 1935, b. 1877
Europe	Herrmann, Waldemar (also 'H'). Also written Hermann or Woldemar.	Berlin, 1827–1902, dealer, expert 1877–, also on forged, [Brühl p.482]
Europe	Hertsch, Max	Bern (Zumstein), b. 1923, expert 1950–, AIEP 1965–, [FFE3 4, PE]
Europe	Hunziker, Hans F. Certif.	Basel, 1911–94, AIEP 1960–94
Europe	Kohl, Paul	Chemnitz, 1852–1925, dealer
Europe	Köhler, H., 2, 3, 4. (= Koehler, Kohler) Fa. H. Köhler (= Firma)	Heinrich K., 1881–1945; dealers f. Berlin 1913, started expertising before 1934, Wiesbaden 1949, (cf. Gilbert & K.), in use c. 1960–95 (?), [Brühl]
Europe (on forged)	Kollektioner, Tallinn	Eesti Kollektioner, stamp magazine
Europe	Kosack, Philipp Kosack	Philipp K., Berlin 1897 1926, 1869–1938, dealer, [Flasch]
Europe	Krumhaar, Otto	Hamburg 1950, 1888–1967, Edgar Mohrmann auctions, BPP 1961, AIEP 1958–67
Europe	Macoveanu, P., 2	Paris 1956, 1990s. Note
Europe	Mantow (Mantau), Sophie ('S.M.')	Berlin 1905, dealer. Advert.
Europe	Michel ('Echt Hugo Michel Apolda'), 2 (1917). Advert.	Hugo Michel-Triller, Apolda 1910, Weimar 1917 1926, 1866–1944, dealer, cat. publisher/editor. Note
Europe	Miró, Léon (Miro) (The trading name of Léon-Pierre Margue)	Paris, 1894–c.1975, dealer c. 1930–65, AIEP 1968–75. Note
Europe	Mondolfo, Renato. Certif.	Trieste 1950, Rome 1961, 1918–92, AIEP 1954–92
Europe	Müller, Edwin (=Mueller). Photo. [See APS Hall of Fame.]	Vienna –1938, New York NY 1950, 1898–1962, expert 1935–, Friedl Expert Comm. NY, AIEP 1956–62
Europe	Nielsen, Lasse	Copenhagen 1999, indep. expert. Note
Europe (–1900)	Pfenninger, Franz (forged, another forged)	Munich 1950, 1905–86, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–86
Europe	Poula * Paris (in circle)	René Poulain, Paris, b. 1887, dealer. Note
Europe (pre-1900)	Rieger, Dr. Bohus	Czechoslovakia, 1895–1977
Europe (also on forged)	Roig, A., Barcelona, 2 (Catalan: Antoni Roig)	Dr. Antonio Roig Soler, Barcelona 1943, 1881–1970, dealer, AIEP 1954–70, his mark 2 has been forged. Note
Europe (old)	Schwendimann, Fred.	St. Gallen 1949, official expert 1949
Europe	Serrane, Fernand	Nice 1926, 1860–1932, famous expert
Europe (pre-1900)	Starauschek, Friedrich (expert of Heinrich Köhler)	Berlin-Tempelhof & Wiesbaden 1950, Berlin-Charlottenburg 1961, BPP 1961
Europe	Székula, Béla - Luzern, Budapest (Sekula, Szekula)	3 brothers, Bela Sz. b. 1881, dealers pre-WW2, forgers, [Flasch 153, Tyler]
Europe	Thier, 2 (both in German type; 'T' twice on used stamps). Note	Max Thier, Berlin-Charlottenburg, 1852–1925, renowned expert 1890–1920
Europe	Tournié, H(enry)	Paris 1943, dealer
Europe (esp. ovpt.s)	Vossen, Friedr. Karl (+forged)	Düsseldorf-Oberkassel 1950, 1912–84, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–75
Europe	Weston, B.	England?
Europe	Zennert Hamburg, W.	Hamburg
Europe	Zumstein & Cie, Zco, 2, Z.Co. Certif. Hinge. Note	Bern, dealers f. 1905, see also Hertsch
Europe (Western; precancels)	Velten, Hans-Georg	Bad Kreuznach, 1906–93, BPP 1958–, AIEP 1954–80

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AREAS A–E